FDR’s New Deal programs adjusted interest rates promoted farm subsidies and created temporary make-work programs. Social Security, unemployment insurance and agricultural subsidies still exist today.

The Vietnam War pitted communist North Vietnam against the U.S.-backed South Vietnam government. It lasted from 1955 to 1975.

The U.S. paid Russia $7.2 million for Alaska under a treaty negotiated by State Secretary William Seward. Alaska gained statehood in 1959.

U.S. presidents who did not win the popular vote include Andrew Jackson, 1824; Rutherford Hayes, 1876; Benjamin Harrison, 1888; George W. Bush, 2000; Donald Trump, 2016.

France surrendered its North American territories, ending all foreign military threats to the British colonies.

The first seven presidents were all born before 1776. They were born in the English Colonies and considered British subjects.

This 1845 doctrine held that the U.S. territorial expansion was ordained by God. Expansion aimed to spread democracy and capitalism across North America.